Description:

OpenFOAM is an open-source computational platform widely used for simulating fluid dynamics problems. It allows the solution of multiphase flows using the Volume-of-Fluid (VOF) method, which tracks the interface between phases by solving a scalar transport equation. Compared to other interface tracking methods the Volume of Fluid (VOF) method is inherently mass-conserving, handles large interface deformations efficiently, and can incorporate interface reconstruction techniques for improved accuracy making it particularly suitable for dynamic multiphase systems

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Phase-change processes such as evaporation and condensation are highly efficient modes of heat transfer due to latent heat exchange occurring across the interface. However, accurately capturing these processes numerically is challenging, as the interface evolves dynamically and is strongly coupled with heat and mass transport phenomena. 

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The OpenFOAM framework is highly adaptable, providing a flexible foundation for incorporating additional physics needed to accurately simulate such complex interfacial phenomena. To effectively model phase change, enhancements to the underlying numerical methods are necessary. For example, implementing a geometric VOF method with sharp interface reconstruction can improve interface accuracy. Furthermore, coupling the energy equation with species transport and incorporating non-equilibrium thermodynamics models enables better resolution of the phase-change front.

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This combined approach offers a physically consistent and computationally efficient tool to study multiphase phase-change phenomena under realistic conditions.